Database of Research on Ageing
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Racial differences in knowledge and beliefs about Alzheimer disease
Author/s: Connell, CM Scott Roberts, J McLaughlin, SJ Akinleye, D | Year: 2009 | Publication type: Journal article | Peer reviewed: | Topic area/s: Dementia
Reference: Connell, C., J. Scott Roberts, S. McLaughlin and D. Akinleye (2009). "Racial differences in knowledge and beliefs about Alzheimer disease." Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders 23: 110-116.
- Key Words:
- health literacy, dementia, international study
- Research aim:
- we examined differences between African Americans and whites with regard to their attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge about Alzheimer's Disease.
- Results/Conclusion:
- After controlling for potentially confounding covariates, the 2 groups differed in terms of the following: (1) their knowledge about the disease (eg, recognizing that AD is not a part of normal aging); (2) concern about AD (eg, worry about developing the disease); (3) beliefs about putative causes of AD (eg, stress); and 4) beliefs about the effectiveness of various options for reducing risk of and treating AD (eg, physical activity).
- Implications:
- Findings suggest that AD outreach and education efforts may do well to take into account divergent illness perceptions across racial and ethnic groups. Further research is needed to confirm these findings in more representative samples and to identify factors that explain these racial differences.
- Cultural Group(s):
- African Americans, White Americans
- Location of study:
- United States
- Age group:
- mean age 57
- Number included in study:
- 301
- Type of participants:
- community members (47% African American), with overrepresentation of caregivers and first-degree relatives of people with Alzheimer's Disease (62% of sample).
- Research approach:
- Mixed methods
- Type of data:
- Primary
- Secondary data sources used:
- Specific scales or analytical techniques used:
- Implications/ Recommendations:
- Notes:
Evidence of divergence with duration of residence in circulatory disease mortality in migrants to Australia
Author/s: Gray, L. Harding, S. Reid, A. | Year: 2007 | Publication type: Journal article | Peer reviewed: | Topic area/s: Health and Wellbeing, Biomedical
Reference: Gray, L., S. Harding and A. Reid (2007). "Evidence of divergence with duration of residence in circulatory disease mortality in migrants to Australia." European Journal of Public Health 17(6): 550-554.
- Key Words:
- duration of residence, acculturation, circulatory disease
- Research aim:
- Using duration of residence, this study investigates acculturation and circulatory disease mortality among migrants in Australia
- Results/Conclusion:
- Compared with the Australia-born population, CVD mortality was generally lower in each migrant group. Decreasing mortality with increasing duration of residence was observed for migrants from New Zealand (RR 0.95, 95 Confidence Interval 0.920.98, P < 0.01, per 5-year increase), Greece (0.90, 0.860.94, P < 0.01), Italy (0.94, 0.9-10.97, P < 0.01) and South Asia (0.95, 0.91-0.99, P < 0.01), mainly in older age groups. Trends remained after SES adjustment and also when broader categories of duration of residence were used. CVD mortality among migrants from the UK/Ireland appeared to converge towards those of the Australian-born
- Implications:
- These results show divergence in CVD mortality compared with the Australian rate for New Zealanders, Greeks, Italians and South Asians. Sustained cardio-protective behavioural practices in the Australian setting is a potential explanation.
- Cultural Group(s):
- New Zealand, UK/Ireland, Germany, Greece, Italy, East Asia, South Asia
- Location of study:
- Australia
- Age group:
- 45-64
- Number included in study:
- N/A
- Type of participants:
- (secondary data)
- Research approach:
- Quantitative
- Type of data:
- Secondary
- Secondary data sources used:
- ABS Census data
- Specific scales or analytical techniques used:
- Implications/ Recommendations:
- Notes:
Factors influencing reported rates of treated end-stage renal disease
Author/s: McDonald, S. McCredie, M. Williams, S. Stewart, J. | Year: 2005 | Publication type: Journal article | Peer reviewed: | Topic area/s: Physical Health, Not Specific to CALD
Reference:
- Key Words:
- renal disease, health, characteristics, larger study
- Research aim:
- To explore renal diseast. We examine the effects of these factors by analyzing data from the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant (ANZDATA) Registry.
- Results/Conclusion:
- Rates of treated end-stage renal disease (ESRD) among older people have increased particularly, as have rates among Australian and New Zealand indigenous peoples. Higher rates are also seen among some immigrant groups.
- Implications:
- Cultural Group(s):
- Not specific to CALD
- Location of study:
- Age group:
- not specific to older people
- Number included in study:
- N/A
- Type of participants:
- Research approach:
- Quantitative
- Type of data:
- Secondary data sources used:
- Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant (ANZDATA) Registry
- Specific scales or analytical techniques used:
- Implications/ Recommendations:
- Notes:
- Conclusions about higher rates for older, immigrant populations.
Increasing ethnic minority participation in Alzheimer disease research
Author/s: Olin, J.T., Dagerman, K.S., Fox, L.S., Bowers, B., Schneider, L.S. | Year: 2002 | Publication type: Journal article | Peer reviewed: | Topic area/s: Researching CALD
Reference:
- Key Words:
- CALD participants in research, literature review
- Research aim:
- This review summarizes research across a broad range of domains (e.g., cancer, kidney disease, AD) that used systematic approaches to identify methods and factors that reduce barriers to recruitment, participation, and retention of a more racially and ethnically diverse population.
- Results/Conclusion:
- As a relatively new area of investigation, the literature was primarily descriptive; outcome data were seldom provided. While these studies help to identify areas of potential importance in racial/ethnic participation, hypothesis-driven research remains necessary to tease apart the key techniques that engender racial/ethnic participation in Alzheimer's Disease studies.
- Implications:
- This article suggests several recommendations, including the need for prospective research of specific recruitment methods. Fundamentally, researchers should consider that these strategies apply to all potential research participants, and not simply to traditionally underserved racial/ethnic populations.
- Cultural Group(s):
- Location of study:
- United States
- Age group:
- Number included in study:
- 121
- Type of participants:
- Reports included in the literature review
- Research approach:
- Literature review
- Type of data:
- Literature review
- Secondary data sources used:
- Specific scales or analytical techniques used:
- Implications/ Recommendations:
- Notes:
Ischaemic heart disease and Australian immigrants: the influence of birthplace and language skills on treatment and use of health services
Author/s: Renzaho, A. | Year: 2007 | Publication type: Journal article | Peer reviewed: | Topic area/s: Physical Health
Reference:
- Key Words:
- heart disease, hospital admission, NESB and ESB compared
- Research aim:
- Admission rates for ischaemic heart disease (IHD), and the use of invasive cardiovascular procedures, separation mode and length of stay (LOS) were compared between Australians from non-English speaking background (NESB; n=8627) and English speaking background (ESB; n= 13162) aged 20 years and over admitted to Victorian urban public hospitals.
- Results/Conclusion:
- It was found that, compared with their ESB counterparts, the incidence of admission for acute myocardial infarction was significantly higher for NESB men and women before and after controlling for confounding factors. Both NESB men (beta=0.04, 95%CI: 0.01-0.07) and women (beta=0.03, 95%CI: 0.02-0.08) experienced significantly longer hospital stays than their ESB counterparts.
- Implications:
- These findings indicate there may be systematic differences in patients' treatment and service utilisation in Victorian public hospitals. The extent to which physicians' bias and patients' choice could explain these differences requires further investigation.
- Cultural Group(s):
- People from NESB compared to people from ESB
- Location of study:
- Age group:
- 20+
- Number included in study:
- 21,789
- Type of participants:
- aged 20 years and over admitted to Victorian urban public hospitals between 1993 and 1998
- Research approach:
- Quantitative
- Type of data:
- Secondary
- Secondary data sources used:
- Specific scales or analytical techniques used:
- Implications/ Recommendations:
- Notes:
Cardiovascular disease risk factors among adult Australian-Lebanese in Melbourne
Author/s: Shahwan-Akl, Lina | Year: 2010 | Publication type: Journal article | Peer reviewed: | Topic area/s: Physical Health
Reference:
- Key Words:
- Research aim:
- Results/Conclusion:
- Implications:
- Cultural Group(s):
- Lebanese
- Location of study:
- Age group:
- Number included in study:
- N/A
- Type of participants:
- Research approach:
- Type of data:
- Secondary data sources used:
- Specific scales or analytical techniques used:
- Implications/ Recommendations:
- Notes:
Incidence of end-stage renal disease in overseas-born, compared with Australian-born, non-indigenous Australians
Author/s: Stewart, J. H. McCredie, M. R. E. McDonald, S. P. | Year: 2004 | Publication type: Journal article | Peer reviewed: | Topic area/s: Physical Health
Reference:
- Key Words:
- end stage renal disease, rates, comparison of birthplace groups
- Research aim:
- To calculate rates of end-stage renal disease for overseas born Australians
- Results/Conclusion:
- Immigrants from the British Isles and 'rest of Europe' had less, and those from the Pacific Island nations, East/South-East Asia, Indian subcontinent, Middle East and Southern Europe more ESRD from all causes than the Australian-born.
- Implications:
- For Australians born in the Pacific Island nations, Asia, the Middle East or Southern Europe, excess prevalence of, and/or susceptibility to, diseases that cause ESRD has more than offset any 'healthy migrant' effect.
- Cultural Group(s):
- Many different birthplace regions included
- Location of study:
- Age group:
- Number included in study:
- N/A
- Type of participants:
- Research approach:
- Quantitative
- Type of data:
- Secondary
- Secondary data sources used:
- Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant (ANZDATA) Registry
- Specific scales or analytical techniques used:
- Implications/ Recommendations:
- Notes:
Working with CALD groups: Testing the feasibility of an intervention to improve medication selfmanagement in people with kidney disease, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease
Author/s: Williams, A. Manias, E. Liew, D. Gock, H. Gorelik, A. | Year: 2012 | Publication type: Journal article | Peer reviewed: | Topic area/s: Researching CALD
Reference:
- Key Words:
- attrition rates, researching CALD
- Research aim:
- Culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) groups have an increased risk of medication mismanagement and are often excluded from intervention studies. We examined an intervention in this group and report on some of the difficulties and resource issues involved with studying CALD groups.
- Results/Conclusion:
- Seventy-eight participants were recruited and 29 participants completed the study. There were no significant differences in medication self-efficacy or adherence between the intervention and control groups at three, six and 12 months post-baseline. The pilot study was not feasible due to high attrition rates.
- Implications:
- This work has highlighted difficulties with conducting research into CALD groups using interpreting services and health literacy issues affecting medicine self-management in this group.
- Cultural Group(s):
- Greek, Italian, Vietnamese
- Location of study:
- Age group:
- 18+
- Number included in study:
- 78
- Type of participants:
- CALD participants with chronic kidney disease, diabetes and cardiovascular disease whose preference it was to speak Greek, Italian or Vietnamese
- Research approach:
- Quantitative
- Type of data:
- Primary
- Secondary data sources used:
- Specific scales or analytical techniques used:
- Implications/ Recommendations:
- Notes:
- Results show difficulty in retaining CALD participants in reseach